Store card type and last 4 digits of credit card

Store the credit card type used to make a payment.

Background
Payment pages for contributions (including for memberships) and events have some in-browser code that recognizes the card type based on the card number entered - it dims the other card types after the entry is completed. This is necessary to support the Accepted Credit Cards functionality that pre-filters card data before it is sent to the payment processor.

Many organizations need to batch transactions associated with Visa, Mastercard and Discover separately from Amex. A common reason is these transactions are being received separately from the payment processors, and there is a need to reconcile at the batch level.

Implementation:
1. Add civicrm_financial_trxn.card_type and civicrm_financial_trxn.pan_truncation
2. On upgrade, add the field.
3. On Create/Edit Contribution form, in Payment Details fieldset, add field as a select widget after Payment Method.
4. On New Membership form, in Payment Details section, add field as a select widget after Payment Method.
5. on New Event Registration form, in Payment Details section, add field as a select widget after Payment Method.
6. Add a Card Type multi-select widget to Find Contributions and Advanced Search, Contributions fieldset.

when a credit card is used for a transaction, store the last 4 digits in the payment record (civicrm_financial_trxn) for reference.

As of Mar 14:
https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9876 merged
https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9877 closed, need to replace fn with api call in lots of places
https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9878 wip - maybe ready?
https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9879 closed, need to replace fn with api call in various places
https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9880 open
https://github.com/civicrm/civicrm-core/pull/9881 open, needs to be refactored significantly